Which entity is responsible for enforcing HIPAA regulations?

The correct answer is the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). HHS plays a crucial role in administering and enforcing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations, which are designed to protect the privacy and security of individuals' medical information. Specifically, HHS’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) is tasked with the responsibility of enforcing the HIPAA Privacy Rule and Security Rule.

HHS not only oversees compliance but also provides guidance on the interpretation of HIPAA, and it has the authority to investigate complaints against covered entities (like healthcare providers and insurance companies) for violations of HIPAA regulations. Additionally, they can impose penalties for non-compliance, making their role central to HIPAA enforcement.

The other entities mentioned have their own separate functions and jurisdictions. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) primarily deals with consumer protection and antitrust issues, while the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) focuses on workplace health and safety regulations. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) primarily regulates controlled substances and ensuring compliance with federal drug laws, not HIPAA.